Excerpt
Understanding the neurological, ocular, and classic forms of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. This article will provide you with expert insights, key diagnostic methods, and symptoms to look out for, helping you and your veterinarian unlock this critical diagnosis before beginning treatment with antiviral drugs such as EIDD-2801.
1. Neurological FIP
The Challenge
When the mutated FCoV attacks the nervous system, symptoms such as behavioral changes, incoordination, tremors, seizures, and partial paralysis may occur. These symptoms can overlap with many other neurological disorders in cats, posing significant diagnostic challenges.
Diagnostic Measures
- Bloodwork: Although rarely definitive for FIP on its own, bloodwork results often align with inflammation and potential nervous system dysfunction.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: By tapping into the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, it is possible to detect FCoV viral material, increased protein levels, and markers of inflammation. This procedure carries some risk under anesthesia and may vary in sensitivity.
2. Ocular FIP
Telltale Signs
When FIP affects the eyes, it leads to inflammation within the eye structures (uveitis), changes in appearance (color shifts, deposits on the cornea), light sensitivity, and potential vision impairment. It’s important to note that not all feline eye inflammation is caused by FIP.
Diagnostic Tools
- Specialized Ophthalmic Exam: Veterinarians use advanced instruments to observe eye changes typical of FIP.
- Aqueous Humor Analysis: Collecting a tiny sample of eye fluid can undergo PCR testing for the FCoV, offering high specificity.
- Other Blood and Effusion Tests: Similar to neurological FIP, these tests provide supplementary clues in conjunction with eye-specific findings.
3. Classic FIP (Wet and Dry Forms)
Wet FIP
- Characteristics: Marked by fluid accumulation in body cavities (abdomen, chest), leading to abdominal bloating or breathing difficulties. This is easily observed during a physical examination.
Dry FIP
- Features: More insidious, with primarily internal organ inflammation. Vague symptoms (fever, lethargy, weight loss) overlap with numerous feline illnesses.
Always Remember
The rapid onset of FIP makes prompt veterinary consultation essential. Even without a 100% guaranteed test, timely action with presumptive treatment protocols and the latest antiviral drugs often significantly increases the chances of survival. Let your veterinarian guide you!